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+ | Elméleti kérdések az angol nyelvű fizikakurzusokhoz (mérnök informatikus BSc Fizika II). | ||
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+ | *What is the definition of electric field? | ||
+ | *Find the expression for the electric field of a homogeneously charged sphere. | ||
+ | *Write the expression for the flux of the electric field. | ||
+ | *How is the energy of a charge arrangement defined? | ||
+ | *Prove that the tangential component of the electric field does not change at the boundary between two dielectrics. | ||
+ | *Prove that the normal component of the displacement vector does not change at the boundary between two dielectrics. | ||
+ | *Prove that the tangential component of the magnetic field strength does not change at the boundary between two dielectrics. | ||
+ | *Prove that the normal component of the magnetic field does not change at the boundary between two dielectrics. | ||
+ | *What is Rayleigh's criterion of resolution? | ||
+ | *What is Brewster's law and what is the physical explanation behind it? | ||
+ | *What is the physical meaning of the square of the absolute value of the wave function? | ||
+ | *What does Gauss's law in electrostatics say? | ||
+ | *Derive the formula for the capacitance of a spherical capacitor. | ||
+ | *Derive the formula for the capacitance of a cylindrical capacitor. | ||
+ | *Derive the formula for the inductance of a solenoid. | ||
+ | *Write the mathematical expressions for travelling waves and standing waves. | ||
+ | *Write Maxwell's four equations and explain the meaning of the different terms. | ||
+ | *What are necessary conditions for interference? | ||
+ | *What is the definition of electric potential? | ||
+ | *How can one calculate the electric potential energy of a system that consists of ''n'' point charges? | ||
+ | *What are Kirchhoff's two rules of electric circuits? What are the physical principles behind them? | ||
+ | *Write down the expression for the Biot-Savart law, explaining the meaning of each term. | ||
+ | *What is the Hall effect? What can it be used for? | ||
+ | *Write the generalized Ampere's law, explaining the meaning for each term. | ||
+ | *What is the relationship between '''H''' and '''B''' in a diamagnetic, a paramagnetic and a ferromagnetic material? | ||
+ | *What interpretational difficulties arise in relation with the magnetic permeability of ferromagnetic materials? | ||
+ | *Write Faraday's law of induction. What is the meaning of the different terms and what is the significance of the minus sign? | ||
+ | *What is Lenz's law? | ||
+ | *What is the definition of capacitance and the definition of inductance? | ||
+ | *What is the definition of mutual inductance? | ||
+ | *What does the self-inductance of a conductor depend on? | ||
+ | *What are the eddy currents? Give an example when they are undesirable. How can we reduce them? | ||
+ | *Derive the expression for the acoustic Doppler effect. | ||
+ | *What is a shock wave? When does it evolve? | ||
+ | *Write the linear wave equation in 1D. | ||
+ | *What is the definition of the index of refraction? | ||
+ | *Write the mathematical form of a travelling wave and of a standing wave. | ||
+ | *What is Huygens' principle? | ||
+ | *Using Fermat's principle, derive Snell's law of refraction. | ||
+ | *How does a microscope work? How does a telescope work? | ||
+ | *How can we measure the wavelength of light using a Michelson interferometer? | ||
+ | *What are the necessary conditions for interference between two waves? | ||
+ | *There are ''n'' identical radiating dipoles along a straight line. Analyze the dependence of net intensity on the phase difference between adjacent dipoles. | ||
+ | *What is Laue's condition for x-ray diffraction on crystals? Why are not all wavelengths suitable for diffraction on a 3D crystal? | ||
+ | *How does a Fresnel lens ("zone plate") work? | ||
+ | *How can we produce linearly polarized light out of unpolarized light? (List at least 2 or 3 different methods.) | ||
+ | *What is Wien's displacement law of blackbody radiation? | ||
+ | *What assumptions did Planck make in order to explain the spectrum of blackbody radiation? | ||
+ | *What is the photoelectric effect and how did Einstein explain it? | ||
+ | *What is the Compton effect and how can it be explained? | ||
+ | *What are the basic ideas of Bohr's theory for the hydrogen atom? | ||
+ | *What does Bohr's correspondence principle say? | ||
+ | *What was de Broglie's hypothesis and how did Davisson and Germer prove it experimentally? | ||
+ | *What is Heisenberg's uncertainty principle? | ||
+ | *Derive the allowed energy levels of a particle in a 1D box. | ||
+ | *Write the time-independent Schrödinger equation for a particle in 1D. What are the requirements that the wave function has to satisfy (in order to be "well-behaved")? | ||
+ | *What are the allowed energy levels of a simple harmonic oscillator? Find the quantum number ''n'' for a particle of mass 1 g that is attached to a spring of spring constant 0.5 N/m and oscillates with an amplitude of 2 cm. Why is the quantized nature of the energy not observable here? | ||
+ | *Draw schematic diagrams (with brief explanation) of spontaneous emission, stimulated emission and absorption. Which of the three mechanisms is relevant for the operation of a laser? | ||
+ | *Why are at least 3 energy levels necessary in optical laser pumping? | ||
+ | *What are the special properties of laser light? List at least 3 or 4 laser application areas. | ||
+ | *What is the basic idea of holography? In what respect is it different from conventional photography? What is the advantage of a holographic memory over conventional storage elements? | ||
+ | *Prove that a solenoid with inductance '''L''' and current '''I''' has a magnetic energy <math>\frac{\1}{\2}LI^2</math> | ||
+ | *Prove that in the homogeneous electric field of an ideal parallel-plate capacitor the volume energy density of the electrostatic field is <math>\frac{\1}{\2}ED</math> | ||
+ | *What is the displacement current and what effect does it have? | ||
+ | *Why is the sky blue? Why are sunsets red? | ||
+ | *What do we experience during photoelectric effect if we increase | ||
+ | **the wavelength of the incident light? | ||
+ | **the intensity of the incident light? | ||
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A lap 2013. november 7., 00:11-kori változata
Elméleti kérdések az angol nyelvű fizikakurzusokhoz (mérnök informatikus BSc Fizika II).
- What is the definition of electric field?
- Find the expression for the electric field of a homogeneously charged sphere.
- Write the expression for the flux of the electric field.
- How is the energy of a charge arrangement defined?
- Prove that the tangential component of the electric field does not change at the boundary between two dielectrics.
- Prove that the normal component of the displacement vector does not change at the boundary between two dielectrics.
- Prove that the tangential component of the magnetic field strength does not change at the boundary between two dielectrics.
- Prove that the normal component of the magnetic field does not change at the boundary between two dielectrics.
- What is Rayleigh's criterion of resolution?
- What is Brewster's law and what is the physical explanation behind it?
- What is the physical meaning of the square of the absolute value of the wave function?
- What does Gauss's law in electrostatics say?
- Derive the formula for the capacitance of a spherical capacitor.
- Derive the formula for the capacitance of a cylindrical capacitor.
- Derive the formula for the inductance of a solenoid.
- Write the mathematical expressions for travelling waves and standing waves.
- Write Maxwell's four equations and explain the meaning of the different terms.
- What are necessary conditions for interference?
- What is the definition of electric potential?
- How can one calculate the electric potential energy of a system that consists of n point charges?
- What are Kirchhoff's two rules of electric circuits? What are the physical principles behind them?
- Write down the expression for the Biot-Savart law, explaining the meaning of each term.
- What is the Hall effect? What can it be used for?
- Write the generalized Ampere's law, explaining the meaning for each term.
- What is the relationship between H and B in a diamagnetic, a paramagnetic and a ferromagnetic material?
- What interpretational difficulties arise in relation with the magnetic permeability of ferromagnetic materials?
- Write Faraday's law of induction. What is the meaning of the different terms and what is the significance of the minus sign?
- What is Lenz's law?
- What is the definition of capacitance and the definition of inductance?
- What is the definition of mutual inductance?
- What does the self-inductance of a conductor depend on?
- What are the eddy currents? Give an example when they are undesirable. How can we reduce them?
- Derive the expression for the acoustic Doppler effect.
- What is a shock wave? When does it evolve?
- Write the linear wave equation in 1D.
- What is the definition of the index of refraction?
- Write the mathematical form of a travelling wave and of a standing wave.
- What is Huygens' principle?
- Using Fermat's principle, derive Snell's law of refraction.
- How does a microscope work? How does a telescope work?
- How can we measure the wavelength of light using a Michelson interferometer?
- What are the necessary conditions for interference between two waves?
- There are n identical radiating dipoles along a straight line. Analyze the dependence of net intensity on the phase difference between adjacent dipoles.
- What is Laue's condition for x-ray diffraction on crystals? Why are not all wavelengths suitable for diffraction on a 3D crystal?
- How does a Fresnel lens ("zone plate") work?
- How can we produce linearly polarized light out of unpolarized light? (List at least 2 or 3 different methods.)
- What is Wien's displacement law of blackbody radiation?
- What assumptions did Planck make in order to explain the spectrum of blackbody radiation?
- What is the photoelectric effect and how did Einstein explain it?
- What is the Compton effect and how can it be explained?
- What are the basic ideas of Bohr's theory for the hydrogen atom?
- What does Bohr's correspondence principle say?
- What was de Broglie's hypothesis and how did Davisson and Germer prove it experimentally?
- What is Heisenberg's uncertainty principle?
- Derive the allowed energy levels of a particle in a 1D box.
- Write the time-independent Schrödinger equation for a particle in 1D. What are the requirements that the wave function has to satisfy (in order to be "well-behaved")?
- What are the allowed energy levels of a simple harmonic oscillator? Find the quantum number n for a particle of mass 1 g that is attached to a spring of spring constant 0.5 N/m and oscillates with an amplitude of 2 cm. Why is the quantized nature of the energy not observable here?
- Draw schematic diagrams (with brief explanation) of spontaneous emission, stimulated emission and absorption. Which of the three mechanisms is relevant for the operation of a laser?
- Why are at least 3 energy levels necessary in optical laser pumping?
- What are the special properties of laser light? List at least 3 or 4 laser application areas.
- What is the basic idea of holography? In what respect is it different from conventional photography? What is the advantage of a holographic memory over conventional storage elements?
- Prove that a solenoid with inductance L and current I has a magnetic energy [math]\frac{\1}{\2}LI^2[/math]
- Prove that in the homogeneous electric field of an ideal parallel-plate capacitor the volume energy density of the electrostatic field is [math]\frac{\1}{\2}ED[/math]
- What is the displacement current and what effect does it have?
- Why is the sky blue? Why are sunsets red?
- What do we experience during photoelectric effect if we increase
- the wavelength of the incident light?
- the intensity of the incident light?